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The biological activity of a pesticide, be it chemical or biological in nature, is determined by its active ingredient (AI - also called the active substance). Pesticide products very rarely consist of the pure active ingredient.
Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains (+)-limonene (d-limonene), which is the -enantiomer. [ 1 ] (+)-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation .
The 2024 IRAC poster of insecticide modes of action includes the majority of chemicals listed below. [5] The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use.
Orange oil, particularly its primary component d-limonene, is registered with the EPA as an active ingredient in products for the extermination of drywood termites, Formosan termites, and other structural pests. [8] It is a common alternative to traditional fumigation methods due to its lower toxicity and the convenience of local chemical ...
Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide [1] and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by the Boots Co. in England in 1969. [ 2 ] Amitraz has been found to have an insect repellent effect, works as an insecticide and also as a pesticide synergist . [ 3 ]
Linalool (/ l ɪ ˈ n æ l oʊ ɒ l, l aɪ-,-l oʊ oʊ l,-ˈ l uː l /) refers to two enantiomers of a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants. [1] Together with geraniol, nerol, citronellol, linalool is one of the rose alcohols. [2]
It was widely known that the Zhou dynasty in China widely used pyrethrin for its insecticide properties. [10] For centuries, crushed Chrysanthemum flowers have been used in Iran to produce Persian Powder, an insecticide for household use. Pyrethrins were identified as the potent chemical in the Chrysanthemum plants responsible for the ...
Diazinon is a contact insecticide which kills insects by altering normal neurotransmission within the nervous system of the insect. As mentioned above, diazinon inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions .
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