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Acorn barnacle and acorn shell are vernacular names for certain types of stalkless barnacles, generally excluding stalked or gooseneck barnacles. As adults they are typically cone-shaped, symmetrical, and attached to rocks or other fixed objects in the ocean.
Malacolepadidae is a family of acorn barnacles in the order Scalpellomorpha. There are at least two genera and two described species in Malacolepadidae. [1] [2]
A. amphitrite and Balanus eburneus (ivory acorn barnacles), Cayo Costa State Park, Florida. Amphibalanus amphitrite is a species of acorn barnacle in the Balanidae family. Its common names include the striped barnacle, the purple acorn barnacle and Amphitrite's rock barnacle. It is found in warm and temperate waters worldwide.
Balanus nubilus, commonly called the giant acorn barnacle, is the world's largest barnacle, reaching a diameter of 15 cm (6 in) and a height of up to 30 cm (12 in), [3] and containing the largest known muscle fibres. [4] [5] Balanus nubilus is a northeast Pacific species that ranges from southern Alaska to Baja California. [6]
Most barnacles are encrusters, attaching themselves to a hard substrate such as a rock, the shell of a mollusc, or a ship; or to an animal such as a whale (whale barnacles). The most common form, acorn barnacles, are sessile, growing their shells directly onto the substrate, whereas goose barnacles attach themselves by means of a stalk. [8]
This acorn barnacle is a moderate-sized one with a diameter of up to 22 mm (0.9 in). [1] The shell is formed by overlapping plates and has a calcareous basis. It has more the shape of a cylinder than the shape of a cone. The white operculum has heavily ridged walls. [1] It can live up to ten years. [1]
Sessilia is an unranked clade of barnacles, comprising the barnacles without stalks, or acorn barnacles. They form a monophyletic group and are probably derived from stalked or goose barnacles. [3] Sessilia is divided into two orders.
The titan acorn barnacle is a large species with calcareous plates forming a steep-sided cone which grows to a height and width of 5 centimetres (2.0 in). [2] The plates are smooth and are fused together. They are pink and are separated by narrow purple or white radii and the aperture at the top is small.