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Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. In official documents, it is referred to as the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet . Hanyu ( 汉语 ; 漢語 ) literally means ' Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while pinyin literally means 'spelled sounds'.
Hanyu Pinyin has developed from Mao's 1951 directive, through the promulgation on 1 November 1957 of a draft version by the State Council, [l] to its final form being approved by the State Council in September 1978, [m] to being accepted in 1982 by the International Organization for Standardization as the standard for transcribing Chinese.
In the early 1980s, Mandarin was taught mainly using Zhuyin and then later with Hanyu Pinyin. Both phonetic systems were popular in Hong Kong, but since most Hong Kong residents were familiar with the English alphabet, Hanyu Pinyin gradually became more dominant. However, there was still debate in society about which system should be used.
Hanyu Pinyin (1958): In mainland China, Hanyu Pinyin has been used officially to romanize Mandarin for decades, primarily as a linguistic tool for teaching the standardized language. The system is also used in other Chinese-speaking areas such as Singapore and parts of Taiwan , and has been adopted by much of the international community as a ...
Today the most common romanization for Standard Chinese is Hanyu Pinyin, introduced in 1956 by the PRC, and later adopted by Singapore and Taiwan. Pinyin is almost universally employed now for teaching standard spoken Chinese in schools and universities across the Americas, Australia, and Europe.
Hanyu may refer to: Hànyǔ (漢語), the Chinese language or language of the Han Chinese. Hanyu pinyin, the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan and Singapore; Hanyū, Saitama, a city in Saitama, Japan
In Wade–Giles, an apostrophe is a part of the syllable, while in Pinyin it serves as a syllable delimiter. In Mandarin, the syllable delimiting apostrophe is referred to as a 隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào). Chinese Romanization: Pronunciation and Orthography gives the following rules for using the apostrophe in Hanyu Pinyin:
The civilizational prosperity of the Xia dynasty at this time is thought to have given rise to the name "Huaxia" (simplified Chinese: 华夏; traditional Chinese: 華夏; pinyin: Huá Xià, "the magnificent Xia"), a term that was used ubiquitously throughout history to define the Chinese nation.