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The de novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation is a hypothesis about the formation of the physical correlates of memory in the brain. It is widely accepted that the physiological correlates for memories are stored at the synapse between various neurons .
Protein synthesis plays an important role in the formation of new memories. Studies have shown that protein synthesis inhibitors administered after learning, weaken memory, suggesting that protein synthesis is required for memory consolidation. Additionally, reports have suggested that the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors also inhibit ...
By contrast, global protein synthesis that occurs in the cell body requires that proteins be shipped out to every area of the cell, including synapses that have not received LTP-inducing stimuli. Whereas local protein synthesis provides a mechanism for specificity, global protein synthesis would seem to directly compromise it.
See Figure: Brain regions involved in memory formation, and also this reference. [47]) When contextual fear conditioning is applied to a rat, more than 5,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of 500 nucleotides each occur in the rat hippocampus neural genome both one hour and 24 hours after the conditioning in the hippocampus. [48]
These stages do not need to occur successively, but are, as studies seem to indicate, and they are broadly divided in the neuronal mechanisms that they require or even in the hippocampal areas that they seem to activate. According to Gazzaniga, "encoding is the processing of incoming information that creates memory traces to be stored."
Memory allocation is a process that determines which specific synapses and neurons in a neural network will store a given memory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Although multiple neurons can receive a stimulus, only a subset of the neurons will induce the necessary plasticity for memory encoding.
Finally, long term changes occur that allow consolidation of the target memory. These changes include new protein synthesis, the formation of new synaptic connections, and finally the activation of gene expression in accordance with the new neural configuration. [26]
This continually occurs until the ribosome reaches a stop codon or receives a signal to stop. [13] A peptide bond forms between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid attached to a tRNA in the A site. The formation of a peptide bond requires an input of energy.