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A modern crucible used in the production of silicon ingots via the Czochralski process Smaller clay graphite crucibles for copper alloy melting. A crucible is a container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay, [1] they can be ...
A large sample of glassy carbon, with 1 cm 3 graphite cube for comparison A small rod of glassy carbon Vitreous-glassy carbon crucibles. Glass-like carbon, often called glassy carbon or vitreous carbon, is a non-graphitizing, or nongraphitizable, carbon which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those of graphite.
Crucible steel is steel made by melting pig iron, cast iron, iron, and sometimes steel, often along with sand, glass, ashes, and other fluxes, in a crucible. Crucible steel was first developed in the middle of the 1st millennium BCE in Southern India and Sri Lanka using the wootz process. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary compound known, with a melting point of 3890 °C. [8] [9] The ternary compound tantalum hafnium carbide has one of the highest melting points of all known compounds (4215 °C). [10] [11] Molybdenum disilicide has a high melting point of 2030 °C and is often used as a heating element.
When silicon is grown by the Czochralski method, the melt is contained in a silica crucible. During growth, the walls of the crucible dissolve into the melt and Czochralski silicon therefore contains oxygen at a typical concentration of 10 18 cm −3. Oxygen impurities can have beneficial or detrimental effects.
Graphite is the most stable allotrope of carbon. Contrary to popular belief, high-purity graphite does not readily burn, even at elevated temperatures. [8] For this reason, it is used in nuclear reactors and for high-temperature crucibles for melting metals. [9]
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