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Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
In terms of the cause of aortic regurgitation, is often due to the aortic root dilation (annuloaortic ectasia), which is idiopathic in over 80% of cases, but otherwise may result from aging, syphilitic aortitis, osteogenesis imperfecta, aortic dissection, Behçet's disease, reactive arthritis and systemic hypertension. [1]
The resultant configuration of this murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo murmur. Causes of midsystolic ejection murmurs include outflow obstruction, increased flow through normal semilunar valves, dilation of aortic root or pulmonary trunk, or structural changes in the semilunar valves without obstruction.
Auscultogram from normal and abnormal heart sounds. Heart murmurs are most frequently organized by timing, into systolic heart murmurs and diastolic heart murmurs. However, continuous murmurs can not be directly placed into either category. [1] These murmurs are due to blood flow from a high pressure chamber or vessel to a lower pressure system.
The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician, Austin Flint (1812–1886). [8] He disapproved of associating any physical sign with the name of the original describer, and wrote, "So long as signs are determined from fancied analogies, and named from these or after the person who describes them, there cannot but be obscurity and confusion."
Patients with mitral valve prolapse may have a mid-systolic click along with a murmur, referred to as apical late systolic murmur. [3] Early systolic clicks may also be present in some patients. [4] Aortic and pulmonary stenosis may cause an ejection click [5] immediately after S 1.
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Corrective heart surgery, which is normally performed in the first year of life, is the definitive intervention for an aortopulmonary window. If the patient's symptoms don't allow for corrective surgery, medical therapy of congestive heart failure is the second choice. Permanent alterations in the pulmonary vasculature can be prevented with ...