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It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
Diseases such as emphysema and habits such as smoking result in more frequent and more severe bouts of pneumonia. In children, recurrent pneumonia may indicate cystic fibrosis or pulmonary sequestration. Immune problems - Immune-deficient patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are more likely to develop pneumonia.
Pneumonia fills the lung's alveoli with fluid, hindering oxygenation. The alveolus on the left is normal, whereas the one on the right is full of fluid from pneumonia. Pneumonia frequently starts as an upper respiratory tract infection that moves into the lower respiratory tract. [55] It is a type of pneumonitis (lung inflammation). [56]
Neoplastic disease +30 Liver disease +20 Congestive heart failure +10 Cerebrovascular disease +10 Renal disease +10 Physical Exam Findings Altered mental status +20 Pulse ≥125/minute +10 Respiratory rate >30/minute +20 Systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg +20 Temperature <35 °C or ≥40 °C +15 Lab and Radiographic Findings Arterial pH <7.35
People with a compromised immune system, such as those living with HIV, are also at higher risk of pneumococcal disease. [5] In HIV patients with access to treatment, the risk of invasive pneumoccal disease is 0.2–1% per year and has a fatality rate of 8%. [5] There is an association between pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza. [6]
Pneumonia can lead to the development of a lung abscess, [4] which is a pus-containing necrotic lesion of the lung parenchyma (lung tissue). [5] On CT scan of the chest, a lung abscess appears as an intermediate- or thick-walled cavity with or without an air-fluid level (a flat line separating the air in the cavity from the fluid). [4]
A Facebook post falsely claims patients are being hospitalized with pneumonia brought on by wearing masks. Fact check: No evidence mask wearers are arriving in ICUs with pneumonia Skip to main content
Resonance: Loud and low pitched. Normal lung sound. [15] Dullness: Medium intensity and pitch. Experienced with fluid. [14] A dull, muffled sound may replace resonance in conditions like pneumonia or hemothorax. Hyper-resonance: Very loud, very low pitch, and longer in duration. Abnormal. [14] Hyper-resonance can result from asthma or emphysema