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  2. Retrieval Data Structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval_Data_Structure

    A retrieval data structure can be used to construct a perfect hash function: First insert the keys into a cuckoo hash table with = hash functions and buckets of size 1. Then, for every key store the index of the hash function that lead to a key's insertion into the hash table in a r {\displaystyle r} -bit retrieval data structure D ...

  3. Range minimum query - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_minimum_query

    Range minimum query reduced to the lowest common ancestor problem. Given an array A[1 … n] of n objects taken from a totally ordered set, such as integers, the range minimum query RMQ A (l,r) =arg min A[k] (with 1 ≤ l ≤ k ≤ r ≤ n) returns the position of the minimal element in the specified sub-array A[l … r].

  4. Min-max heap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min-max_heap

    Min-max heaps are often represented implicitly in an array; [4] hence it's referred to as an implicit data structure. The min-max heap property is: each node at an even level in the tree is less than all of its descendants, while each node at an odd level in the tree is greater than all of its descendants. [4]

  5. Heap (data structure) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_(data_structure)

    Example of a binary max-heap with node keys being integers between 1 and 100. In computer science, a heap is a tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: In a max heap, for any given node C, if P is the parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C.

  6. Priority queue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue

    Suppose the set of possible keys is {1, 2, ..., C}. When only insert, find-min and extract-min are needed and in case of integer priorities, a bucket queue can be constructed as an array of C linked lists plus a pointer top, initially C. Inserting an item with key k appends the item to the k 'th list, and updates top ← min(top, k), both in ...

  7. Hash table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table

    A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code, into an array of buckets or slots, from which the desired value can be found. During lookup, the key is hashed and the resulting hash indicates where the corresponding value is stored. A map implemented by a hash table is called a hash map.

  8. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})

  9. Binary heap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_heap

    Heap property: the key stored in each node is either greater than or equal to (≥) or less than or equal to (≤) the keys in the node's children, according to some total order. Heaps where the parent key is greater than or equal to (≥) the child keys are called max-heaps; those where it is less than or equal to (≤) are called min-heaps.