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The concepts of topical and focused crawling were first introduced by Filippo Menczer [20] [21] and by Soumen Chakrabarti et al. [22] The main problem in focused crawling is that in the context of a Web crawler, we would like to be able to predict the similarity of the text of a given page to the query before actually downloading the page.
A crawl frontier is a data structure used for storage of URLs eligible for crawling and supporting such operations as adding URLs and selecting for crawl. Sometimes it can be seen as a priority queue .
A robots.txt file contains instructions for bots indicating which web pages they can and cannot access. Robots.txt files are particularly important for web crawlers from search engines such as Google. A robots.txt file on a website will function as a request that specified robots ignore specified files or directories when crawling a site.
Distributed web crawling is a distributed computing technique whereby Internet search engines employ many computers to index the Internet via web crawling.Such systems may allow for users to voluntarily offer their own computing and bandwidth resources towards crawling web pages.
In addition, ontologies can be automatically updated in the crawling process. Dong et al. [15] introduced such an ontology-learning-based crawler using support vector machine to update the content of ontological concepts when crawling Web Pages. Crawlers are also focused on page properties other than topics.
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Heritrix is a web crawler designed for web archiving.It was written by the Internet Archive.It is available under a free software license and written in Java.The main interface is accessible using a web browser, and there is a command-line tool that can optionally be used to initiate crawls.