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Today, in most Muslim countries, Zakat is at the discretion of Muslims over how and whether to pay, typically enforced by fear of God, peer pressure, and an individual's personal feelings. [18] Among the Sunni Muslims, Zakat committees, linked to a religious cause or local mosque, collect zakat. [82]
The Third Pillar of Islam is Zakāt, or alms giving or charity. [17] Zakat means purification which indicates that a payment makes the rest of one's wealth legally and religiously pure. [17] By following this pillar, Muslims have to deduct certain amount of their wealth to support the Islamic community — usually about 2.5% of their wealth.
Beneficiaries of zakat include orphans, widowed, poor muslims, debt-ridden, travelers, zakat collectors, new converts to Islam, Islamic clergy. [9] [10] [11] Zakat is prescribed to cleanse the individual's wealth, heart, and baser characteristics in general, and to replace them with virtues. [12]
Zakāh is the third of the five pillars of Islam. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] The literal meaning of the word zakāh is "to purify", "to develop" and "cause to grow". Zakāh is the amount of money that every Muslim, male or female, who is an adult, mentally stable, free, and financially able, has to pay to support specific categories of people.
Walayah "guardianship" denotes love and devotion to God, the prophets, the scripture, the imams and the du'āt "missionaries". In Ismā'īlī doctrine, God is one and the true desire of every soul, creator of everything. The appointed du'āt lead believers to the right path. The Druze refer to this pillar as Taslīm "Submission".
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Zakat is considered by Muslims to be an act of piety through which one expresses concern for the well-being of fellow Muslims, [38] as well as preserving social harmony between the wealthy and the poor. [39] Zakat promotes a more equitable redistribution of wealth and fosters a sense of solidarity amongst members of the Ummah. [40]