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The date of 16 December is the anniversary of the 1961 founding of Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation" or MK), the armed wing of the ANC. [1] On that day, Umkhonto we Sizwe enacted its "first acts of sabotage" which included bomb blasts against government buildings in Johannesburg , Port Elizabeth and Durban . [ 19 ]
A group of men armed with rifles and a pistol arrived and opened fire on patrons in the tavern. The perpetrators fled the scene and were not apprehended. 2022 Pietermaritzburg shooting: 2022-07-9 Pietermaritzburg: 4 people were killed and 8 injured. Two men entered the Sweetwaters tavern and opened fire, before fleeing in a car.
December 16 is the 350th day of the year ... later queen consort of England (d. 1536) 1534 – Hans Bol, Flemish artist ... Historical Events on December 16
Six months later, on 16 December 1961, Mandela led uMkhonto weSizwe in launching its campaign. [12] The first target sabotaged was an electrical substation. This was followed by many more acts of sabotage over a year and a half, including attacks on government posts, machines and power facilities, and crop burning. [11]
19 December 1818 25 April 1893 [3] 1893 1897 Faure: David Pieter 11 November 1842 17 August 1916 [16] 1897 1903 Lewis Charles Edwardes 5 December 1855 13 January 1945 [3] 1903 1944 Silberbauer Conrad Christian 23 September 1863 21 July 1944 [17] 1944 1957 Rose: John George 11 January 1876 18 February 1973 [16] 1957 1966 Botha: Colin Graham 15 ...
13 – Six men boarding train No. 9436 at Johannesburg's Jeppe station, between Johannesburg and Soweto, massacred, hacked and threw passengers in a macabre attack, killing 26 and injuring 100 people. [2] Two armed gangs, in the attack, displayed style of RENAMO, who were suspected to avenge insults to Mangosuthu Buthelezi. [3]
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In present-day South Africa, 16 December remains a celebrated public holiday, initially called "Dingane's Day". After 1952, the holiday was officially recognised and named the Day of the Covenant, changed to Day of the Vow in 1980 (Mackenzie 1999:69) [ clarification needed ] and, after the abolition of apartheid, to Day of Reconciliation in 1994.