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Aerobic organisms use atmospheric dioxygen as the terminal oxidant in cellular respiration in order to obtain chemical energy. The ground state of dioxygen is known as triplet oxygen, 3 [O 2], because it has two unpaired electrons. The first excited state, singlet oxygen, 1 [O 2], has no unpaired electrons and is metastable.
In general outline, photosynthesis is the opposite of cellular respiration: while photosynthesis is a process of reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates, cellular respiration is the oxidation of carbohydrates or other nutrients to carbon dioxide. Nutrients used in cellular respiration include carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids.
Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products. [1] Cellular respiration is a vital process that occurs in the cells of all [[plants and some bacteria ]].
The reaction for aerobic respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis and is simplified as C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 2880 kJ/mol. In vertebrates, O 2 diffuses through membranes in the lungs and into red blood cells. Hemoglobin binds O 2, changing color from bluish red to bright red [43] (CO
Cellular respiration happens when a cell takes glucose and oxygen and uses it to produce carbon dioxide, energy, and water. This transaction is important not only for the benefit of the cells, but for the carbon dioxide output provided, which is key in the process of photosynthesis .
Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
The reaction is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of green algae and plants. It utilizes the energy of light to split a water molecule into its protons and electrons for photosynthesis. Free oxygen, generated as a by-product of this reaction, is released into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis (land) 16,500 Photosynthesis (ocean) 13,500 Photolysis of N 2 O: 1.3 Photolysis of H 2 O: 0.03 Total gains ~30,000 Losses - respiration and decay: Aerobic respiration: 23,000 Microbial oxidation: 5,100 Combustion of fossil fuel (anthropogenic) 1,200 Photochemical oxidation: 600 Fixation of N 2 by lightning: 12 Fixation of N 2 by ...