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An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a harmful, unintended result caused by taking medication. [ 1 ] : 1.1 Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) [ 2 ] ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or may result from the combination of two or more drugs.
The Naranjo algorithm, Naranjo Scale, or Naranjo Nomogram is a questionnaire designed by Naranjo et al. for determining the likelihood of whether an adverse drug reaction (ADR) is actually due to the drug rather than the result of other factors. Probability is assigned via a score termed definite, probable, possible or doubtful.
Adverse drug reaction. This could occur when a patient has an allergic response to a medication. [7] Inappropriate adherence. This could occur when a patient chooses not to or forgets to take a medication. [7] Needs additional drug therapy. This could occur when a patient needs more medication to treat their condition. [7]
Patients prescribed 10 or more medicines had a threefold increased risk of experiencing an ADR, scientists said. Women and patients on more medicines ‘at higher risk of adverse drug reaction ...
In adverse drug reactions involving overdoses, the toxic effect is simply an extension of the pharmacological effect (Type A adverse drug reactions). On the other hand, clinical symptoms of idiosyncratic drug reactions (Type B adverse drug reactions) are different from the pharmacological effect of the drug.
Adverse drug reaction (ADR), a harmful unintended result caused by taking medication; Combined drug intoxication; Conservative management; Drug-drug interaction (DDI), an alteration of the action of a drug caused by the administration of other drugs; Paradoxical reaction, an effect of a substance opposite to what would usually be expected
The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are dose-related and arise from the effect of loop diuretics on diuresis and electrolyte balance. [citation needed] Common ADRs include: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration, hyperuricemia, gout, dizziness, postural hypotension, syncope. [17]
The mechanism of drug action and adverse drug reaction is either physiochemical property based and biochemical based. Adverse drugs reactions can be classified as either idiosyncratic (type B) or intrinsic (type A). Idiosyncratic toxicity is not dosage dependent and defy the mass-action relationship.