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Vitamins and minerals: must be obtained from food because they are not produced in our body. They are provided by a diet containing healthy fats, healthy protein, vegetables, fruit, milk and whole grains. [29] [27] Pay attention to the carbohydrates package: the type of carbohydrates in the diet is more important than the amount of carbohydrates.
Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols): [20] vitamins A, C, D, E, K, thiamine (B 1), riboflavin (B 2), niacin (B 3), pantothenic acid (B 5), pyridoxine (B 6), biotin (B 7), folate (B 9), and cobalamin (B 12). The requirement ...
Minerals can also be plentiful or not. Fruit can consist of up to 90% water, contain high levels of simple sugars that contribute to their sweet taste, and have a high vitamin C content. [36] [40] Compared to fleshy fruit (excepting Bananas) vegetables are high in starch, [46] potassium, dietary fiber, folate and vitamins and low in fat and ...
Fruits contain carbohydrates, mostly in the form of non-free sugar, as well as important vitamins and minerals. Cereals and legumes, sometimes categorized as grains, is often the largest category in nutrition guides. [4] [5] [6] Cereal examples include wheat, rice, oats, barley, bread and pasta.
Vitamins and minerals are essential to the proper functioning and maintenance of the human body. [114] There are 20 trace elements and minerals that are essential in small quantities to body function and overall human health. [114] Iron deficiency is the most common inadequate nutrient worldwide, affecting approximately 2 billion people. [115]
Plants obtain minerals from soil. [8] Animals ingest plants, thus moving minerals up the food chain. Larger organisms may also consume soil (geophagia) or use mineral resources such as salt licks to obtain minerals. Finally, although mineral and elements are in many ways synonymous, minerals are only bioavailable to the extent that they can be ...
In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. [ 47 ]
The elements listed below as "Essential in humans" are those listed by the US Food and Drug Administration as essential nutrients, [9] as well as six additional elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (the fundamental building blocks of life on Earth), sulfur (essential to all cells) and cobalt (a necessary component of vitamin B 12).