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Kava: Piper methysticum: Root: [63] 3-20% kavalactones: Depressant: Kava cultures are the religious and cultural traditions of western Oceania which consume kava. Khat: Catha edulis: Leaf: [64] cathine up to 14% [65] [66] Stimulant: For centuries, religious leaders have consumed the leaves to stay awake during long nights of prayer. [67] Kratom ...
Kava or kava kava (Piper methysticum: Latin 'pepper' and Latinized Greek 'intoxicating') is a plant in the pepper family, native to the Pacific Islands. [1] The name kava is from Tongan and Marquesan, meaning 'bitter.’ [1] Other names for kava include ʻawa (), [2] ʻava (), yaqona or yagona (), [3] sakau (), [4] seka (), [5] and malok or malogu (parts of Vanuatu). [6]
Kavalactones are a class of lactone compounds found in kava roots and Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger). [1] and in several Gymnopilus, Phellinus and Inonotus fungi. [2] Some kavalactones are bioactive. They are responsible for the psychoactive, analgesic, Euphoric and sedative effects of kava. [3] [4]
This is an alphabetical list of plants used in herbalism. Phytochemicals possibly involved in biological functions are the basis of herbalism, and may be grouped as: primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates and fats found in all plants; secondary metabolites serving a more specific function. [1]
Tongan kava ceremonies are a variety of ceremonies involving the kava plant that play an integral part of Tongan society and governance.They play a role in strengthening cultural values and principles, solidifying traditional ideals of duty and reciprocity, reaffirming societal structures, and entrenching the practice of pukepuke fonua (lit. "tightly holding onto the land"), a Tongan cultural ...
Opiates are considered drugs with moderate to high abuse potential and are listed on various "Substance-Control Schedules" under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of the United States of America. In 2014, between 13 and 20 million people used opiates recreationally (0.3% to 0.4% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65).
Kava: kavalactones; Nutmeg: myristicin; Nightshade plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine: Datura; Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) Other Solanaceae; Peyote. Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline: Peyote; Other Lophophora; Peruvian Torch cactus
Many drugs have more than one name and, therefore, the same drug may be listed more than once. Brand names and generic names are differentiated by capitalizing brand names. See also the list of the top 100 bestselling branded drugs , ranked by sales.