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Sulfur dyes are water-insoluble. In the presence of a reducing agent and at alkaline pH at elevated temperature of around 80 °C, the dye particles disintegrate, which then become water-soluble and hence can be absorbed by the fabric. Sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide are suitable reducing agents. Common salt facilitates the absorption.
Sodium sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula Na 2 S, or more commonly its hydrate Na 2 S·9H 2 O.Both the anhydrous and the hydrated salts in pure crystalline form are colorless solids, although technical grades of sodium sulfide are generally yellow to brick red owing to the presence of polysulfides and commonly supplied as a crystalline mass, in flake form, or as a fused solid.
Silver sulfide is at least 50% more stable than silver. [4] There are three types of sepia toner in modern use; Sodium sulfide toners – the traditional 'rotten egg' toners (sodium sulfide smells of rotten eggs when exposed to moisture);
Cerium sulfide red (PR265). Iron oxide pigments. Sanguine, Caput mortuum, Indian red, Venetian red, oxide red (PR102). Red ochre (PR102): anhydrous Fe 2 O 3. Burnt sienna (PBr7): a pigment produced by heating raw sienna. Lead pigments. Minium (pigment): also known as red lead, lead tetroxide, Pb 3 O 4. Mercury pigments. Vermilion or cinnabar ...
Metacinnabar is a black-colored form of mercury(II) sulfide, which crystallizes in the cubic crystal system. [42] Synthetic cinnabar is produced by treatment of mercury(II) salts with hydrogen sulfide to precipitate black, synthetic metacinnabar, which is then heated in water. This conversion is promoted by the presence of sodium sulfide.
Cadmium together with sulphur forms cadmium sulfide and results in deep yellow color, often used in glazes. However, cadmium is toxic. Together with selenium and sulphur it yields shades of bright red and orange. [7] Adding titanium produces yellowish-brown glass. Titanium, rarely used on its own, is more often employed to intensify and ...
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A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is ... or sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) or sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ... and sulfide or ...