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Galen's understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the then-current theory of the four humors: black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm, as first advanced by the author of On the Nature of Man in the Hippocratic corpus. [11] Galen's views dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than 1,300 years.
Galen produced more work than any author in antiquity, [1] His surviving work runs to over 2.6 million words, and many more of his writings are now lost. [1]Karl Gottlob Kühn of Leipzig (1754–1840) published an edition of 122 of Galen's writings between 1821 and 1833.
Galen's understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the then-current theory of humorism, as advanced by ancient Greek physicians such as Hippocrates. His theories dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than 1,300 years.
Dutch Anatomy and Clinical Medicine in 17th-Century Europe. Leibniz Institute of European History. Mazzio, C. (1997). The Body in Parts: Discourses and Anatomies in Early Modern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91694-3. Porter, R. (1997). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity from Antiquity to the Present. Harper Collins.
Although Galen studied the human body, dissection of human corpses was against Roman law, so instead he used pigs, apes, sheep, goats, and other animals. Through studying animal dissections, Galen applied his animal anatomy findings and developed a theory of human anatomy. [23] Galen moved to Rome in 162.
Galen's description of the body told through "pneuma" or what was understood to be the soul. The search for a hypothetical soul and its location have been a subject of much speculation throughout history. In early medicine and anatomy, the location of the soul was hypothesized to be located within the body.
At the heart of Roman medicine and central to the development of Western medicine is Galen of Pergamum (AD 129–c. AD 210). [12] Galen was a prolific writer from whose surviving works comes what Galen believed to be the definitive guide to a healthy diet, based on the theory of the four humours. [13]
Years before Ibn al-Nafis was born, Galenic physiology and anatomy dominated the Arabic medical tradition from the time of Hunayn ibn Ishaq (AD 809–873). [27] Medical authorities at the time seldom challenged the underlying principles of this system. [27] What set Al-Nafis apart as a physician was his boldness in challenging Galen's work.