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Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).
It is similar to a harmonium and is used to provide a drone in a practice session or concert of Indian classical music. [1] It is used as an accompaniment to other instruments and notably the flute. The shruti box is also used in classical singing. In classical singing, the shruti box is used to help tune the voice.
The dhantal (also called the dhandataal) is of Indian origin, but most commonly found in the Caribbean. The instrument was invented in the Caribbean by indentured laborers from India. The instrument's name literally means "stick percussion" from danda, "stick," and taal, the act of striking rhythmically. [3]
The Sringa, also known as tutari, ranasringa, blowhorn, sig, singa, kurudutu, gaali-kommu or kombu, is an ancient Indian musical instrument. It is a type of horn wind instrument . [ 1 ]
Indian Ravanhatha at the Casa Museo Del Timple, Lanzarote, Spain. A ravanahatha (variant names: ravanhatta, rawanhattha, ravanastron, ravana hasta veena) is an ancient bowed, stringed instrument, used in India, Sri Lanka, and surrounding areas. It has been suggested as an ancestor of the violin. [1]
The Indian version is sometimes known as the "Indian banjo" or "Japan banjo", due to its descent from the taishokoto; similar instruments in Germany and Austria are known as akkordolia, and in Pakistan as benju. In the Maldives it is known as a kottafoshi, and as medolin (pronounced "mendolin" after the mandolin) in the Fijian Indian diaspora. [1]
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The Indian harmonium is derived from reed organ designs developed in France. Originally, these were large instruments, designed to be played sitting on a chair, which allowed one to pump the instrument using foot pedals. [4] Over time, Europeans designed smaller harmoniums, like the guide-chant, which included manually pumped bellows. [5]