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A router in a local area network (LAN) of a single organization is called an interior router. A router that is operated in the Internet backbone is described as exterior router. While a router that connects a LAN with the Internet or a wide area network (WAN) is called a border router, or gateway router. [24]
The last router in an LSP, which pops the label from the packet, is called an egress router. Routers in between, which need only swap labels, are called transit routers or label switch routers (LSRs). Note that LSPs are unidirectional; they enable a packet to be label switched through the MPLS network from one endpoint to another.
Label Information Base (LIB) is the software table maintained by IP/MPLS capable routers to store the details of port and the corresponding MPLS router label to be popped/pushed on incoming/outgoing MPLS packets. Entries are populated from label-distribution protocols. LDP is a protocol that automatically generates and exchanges labels between ...
The label edge routers at the edges of an MPLS cloud map between the end-to-end identifier, such as an IP address, and a link-local label. At each MPLS hop, there is a forwarding table that tells the label-switched router which outgoing interface is to receive the MPLS packet, and what label to use when sending the packet out that interface.
In MPLS, a label with the value of 1 represents the router alert label.This label value is legal anywhere in the label stack except at the bottom. When a received packet contains this label value at the top of the label stack, it is delivered to a local software module for processing.
Two routers with an established session are called LDP peers and the exchange of information is bi-directional. LDP is used to build and maintain label-switched path (LSP) databases that are used to forward traffic through MPLS networks. LDP can be used to distribute the inner label (VC/VPN/service label) and outer label (path label) in MPLS.
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In Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), a P router or provider router is a label switch router (LSR) that functions as a transit router of the core network. [1] The P router is typically connected to one or more PE routers. Here's one scenario: A customer who has facilities in LA and Atlanta wants to connect these sites over an MPLS VPN ...