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The shape of a state is determined by the political boundaries and geography that determine its territory, and that shape impacts the politics and economies of the state. [1] The six categories of state shapes are: compact; elongated or attenuated; fragmented; prorupted or protruded; perforated; and compound or complex. [2] [3] [4]
Below are separate lists of countries and dependencies with their land boundaries, and lists of which countries and dependencies border oceans and major seas. The first short section describes the borders or edges of continents and oceans/major seas. Disputed areas are not considered.
A landscape border is a mixture of political and natural borders. One example is the defensive forest created by China's Song dynasty in the eleventh century. [6] Such a border is political in the sense that it is human-demarcated, usually through a treaty. However, a landscape border is not demarcated by fences and walls but instead landscape ...
Unit 4 - Political Patterns and Processes Topic Number Topic Description 4.1 Introduction to Political Geography 4.2 Political Processes 4.3 Political Power and Territoriality 4.4 Defining Political Boundaries 4.5 The Function of Political Boundaries 4.6 Internal Boundaries 4.7 Forms of Governance 4.8 Defining Devolutionary Factors 4.9
The borders of the historic condominium of Moresnet.Moresnet is colored blue, the Netherlands orange, Belgium yellow, and Prussia green.. An early instance of four political divisions meeting at a point is the Four Shire Stone in Moreton-in-Marsh, England (attested in the Domesday Book, 1086, [6] [7] and mentioned since 969 if not 772 [8]); until 1931, it was the meeting point of the English ...
These systems typically involve a form of at-large elections or multimember districts. Examples of such systems include the single-transferable vote, cumulative voting, and limited voting. [105] Proportional voting systems, such as those used in all but three European states, [106] would bypass the problem altogether. In these systems, the ...
In part this growth has been associated with the adoption by political geographers of the approaches taken up earlier in other areas of human geography, for example, Ron J. Johnston's (1979) work on electoral geography relied heavily on the adoption of quantitative spatial science, Robert Sack's (1986) work on territoriality was based on the ...
The Aouzou strip shown in red. The Aouzou Strip (/ ˈ aʊ z uː /; Arabic: قطاع أوزو, romanized: Qiṭāʿ Awzū, French: Bande d'Aozou) is a strip of land in northern Chad that lies along the border with Libya, extending south to a depth of about 100 kilometers into Chad's Borkou, Ennedi Ouest, Ennedi Est, and Tibesti regions for an area of 114,000 km 2.