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The bathythermograph, or BT, also known as the Mechanical Bathythermograph, or MBT; [1] is a device that holds a temperature sensor and a transducer to detect changes in water temperature versus depth down to a depth of approximately 285 meters (935 feet).
Major contributor to redesigning the bathythermograph during World War II. His version could be used on submarines to detect the ocean thermocline. [2]
She headed the Bathythermograph Unit beginning in February 1957, analyzing ocean temperature changes at various depths, over time and space, using computers to manage the large data sets involved. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Her work had applications in tracking submarines, tuna migration, and hurricanes, among other fields. [ 8 ]
Repeat XBT (Expendable bathythermograph) line network (41 lines) Temperature JCOMM Ship Observations Team (SOT) Global tropical moored buoy network (~120 moorings) Temperature, salinity, current, other feasible autonomously observable ECVs JCOMM DBCP Tropical Moored Buoy Implementation Panel (TIP) Reference mooring network (29 moorings)
Spilhaus bathythermograph, 1937. Spilhaus was born in 1911 in Cape Town, South Africa, grandson of the Scottish mathematician Thomas Muir.His mother was Nellie Spilhaus, (née Muir), a South African human rights advocate, and his father was Karl Antonio Spilhaus, a South African merchant, born in Lisbon, Portugal and raised in Lübeck, Germany. [2]
The earliest idea for a bathometer is due to Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) who sunk a hollow sphere attached to some ballast with a hook. When the ball reached the bottom it detached from the ballast and resurfaced.
The use of bathymetry and the development of bathymetric charts dates back around the 19th century BC to ancient Egypt.Depictions on tomb walls such as the bas-relief carvings of Deir al-Bahri commissioned by Queen Hatshepsut in the 16th century BC show ancient mariners using long slender poles as sounding poles to determine the depth of the Nile River and into the Nile River Delta.
The bathythermograph was developed by Carl-Gustav Rossby and turned into a production model for Navy use by Athelstan Spilhaus working with Maurice Ewing and Allyn C. Vine. [28] The work with sound led to Ewing's discovery of the sound channel, a layer of minimum velocity, allowing detection of sound at very long ranges. [29]