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Leonor Rivera-Kipping (née Rivera y Bauzon; 11 April 1867 – 28 August 1893) [1] was the childhood sweetheart, and “lover by correspondence” [2] of Philippine national hero José Rizal. Rivera was the “greatest influence” in preventing Rizal from falling in love with other women while Rizal was traveling outside the Philippines. [3]
In 1990, historian Ambeth Ocampo stated that Rizal was a "conscious hero", i.e., he had projected himself as a national figure prior to his execution and he was deemed as the national hero by Bonifacio, who even named Rizal as the honorary president of the Katipunan, long before Rizal was praised by the American occupational administrators. [5]
Rizal experienced financial constraints in getting his novel Noli me Tangere published and considered destroying the manuscript of the book. Viola financed the publication of the first 2000 copies of the novel in 1887, and was later given the galley proof and the first published copy of the novel by Rizal. [1]
Rizal is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes Committee. However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero. [9]
Blumentritt wrote extensively about the Philippines, although he never visited the islands, corresponding with the then Filipino student and writer José Rizal, who later became a national hero. Blumentritt's relationship with Rizal began as early as July 1886. [2] Blumentritt became one of Rizal's closest confidants although they met only once.
The Order was established in 1911 by Colonel Antonio C. Torres, who later served as the first Filipino chief of police of Manila. [3] The Order was granted a legislative charter by President Elpidio Quirino [3] as a non-sectarian, non-partisan, civic, patriotic, and cultural organization under Republic Act 646 on June 14, 1951. [1]
On July 15, 1896, La Politica de España en Filipinas paid tribute to del Pilar by calling him "the greatest journalist ever produced by the purely Filipino race." [ 174 ] In 1897, former Governor-General Ramón Blanco declared del Pilar as "the most intelligent leader, the real soul of the separatists, very superior to Rizal."
Paciano Rizal was born to Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818–1897) and Teodora Alonso y Quintos (1827–1911; whose family later changed their surname to "Realonda"), as the second of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town of Calamba, La Laguna (present-day Laguna).