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This is exploited in drug development to increase the concentration of a compound in the blood by adjusting the pK a of an ionizable group. [78] Knowledge of pK a values is important for the understanding of coordination complexes, which are formed by the interaction of a metal ion, M m+, acting as a Lewis acid, with a ligand, L, acting as a ...
The rate at which a drug enters into the body for oral and other extravascular routes. 0.693 h −1: Elimination half-life: The time required for the concentration of the drug to reach half of its original value.
The converse is true in a basic medium. For example, Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a weak acid (its pKa value is 5.0). The gastric juice has a pH of 2.0. It is a three-fold difference (due to log scale) between its pH and its pKa; therefore there is a 1000× difference between the charged and uncharged concentrations.
In the case of multiple pK values they are designated by indices: pK 1, pK 2, pK 3 and so on. For amino acids, the pK 1 constant refers to its carboxyl (–COOH) group, pK 2 refers to its amino (–NH 2) group and the pK 3 is the pK value of its side chain.
To ensure that the drug taker who has poor absorption is dosed appropriately, the bottom value of the deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed for the drug taker to achieve systemic concentrations similar to the intravenous formulation. [4]
Metformin has acid dissociation constant values (pK a) of 2.8 and 11.5, so it exists very largely as the hydrophilic cationic species at physiological pH values. The metformin pK a values make it a stronger base than most other basic medications with less than 0.01% nonionized in blood.
A drug's removal rate will be determined by the proportion of the drug that is removed from circulation by each organ once the drug has been delivered to the organ by the circulating blood supply. [1] This new concept builds on earlier ideas and it depends on a number of distinct factors: The drugs characteristics, including its pKa.
Mycophenolate mofetil is reported to have a pKa values of 5.6 for the morpholino moiety and ... In 1981 he decided to go for drug discovery and approached several ...