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Saint Peter [note 1] (born Shimon Bar Yonah; died AD 64–68), [1] also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, [6] was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church.
According to the New Testament, Jesus showed himself to his disciples as the Risen One and called them to mission: this established their authority as apostles. As Simon Peter experienced the first appearance of the Risen Lord, he was confirmed in his leadership position, which he had already held in the circle of disciples during Jesus' lifetime.
The Evangelical Dictionary of Theology illustrates the leading role that Peter played among the Apostles, speaking up on matters that concern them all, being called by Jesus by a name linking him with the rock on which Jesus would build his church, being charged with pastoring the flock of Christ, and taking the leading role in the initial church.
When Peter left Jerusalem after Herod Agrippa I tried to kill him, James, brother of Jesus appears as the leader of the Jerusalem church. [47] Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–215 AD) called him Bishop of Jerusalem. [47] Peter, John and James were collectively recognized as the three pillars of the church (Galatians 2:9). [48]
Reportedly legitimised by Jesus' appearance, Peter was the first leader of the Jerusalem ekklēsia. [101] [102] Peter was soon eclipsed in this leadership by James the Just, "the Brother of the Lord," [103] [104] which may explain why the early texts contain scant information about Peter. [104]
Stained glass window in a Catholic church depicting St. Peter's Basilica in Rome sitting "Upon this rock," a reference to Matthew 16:18. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ founded only "one true Church", and that this one true Church is the Catholic Church with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as its supreme, infallible head and locus of communion. [8]
The history of the Catholic Church is the formation, events, and historical development of the Catholic Church through time.. According to the tradition of the Catholic Church, it started from the day of Pentecost at the upper room of Jerusalem; [1] the Catholic tradition considers that the Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by the Disciples of Jesus.
Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.