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The Maya considered Venus to be the most important celestial body after the Sun and Moon. They called it Chac ek, [276] or Noh Ek', "the Great Star". [277] The cycles of Venus were important to their calendar and were described in some of their books such as Maya Codex of Mexico and Dresden Codex.
The adjectival forms of the names of astronomical bodies are not always easily predictable. Attested adjectival forms of the larger bodies are listed below, along with the two small Martian moons; in some cases they are accompanied by their demonymic equivalents, which denote hypothetical inhabitants of these bodies.
The origins of the planetary symbols can be found in the attributes given to classical deities. The Roman planisphere of Bianchini (2nd century, currently in the Louvre, inv. Ma 540) [2] shows the seven planets represented by portraits of the seven corresponding gods, each a bust with a halo and an iconic object or dress, as follows: Mercury has a caduceus and a winged cap; Venus has a ...
The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting of a partial vacuum with particle densities of under 10 7 per cm −3. [115] Mars (1.38–1.67 AU) [D 6] has a radius about half of that of Earth. [116] Most of the planet is red due to iron oxide in Martian soil, [117] and the polar regions are covered in white ice caps made of water and ...
True White Moon, or Arta ⯟ U+2BDF: Similar to White Moon, but calculated from the "true" Black Moon rather than the mean Black Moon. [34] Solar apogee----Assumes an Earth-centered universe; the heliocentric equivalent would be terrestrial aphelion. Used to derive the (true) White Moon from the (true) Black Moon: ⯟ = ☊ + 7⁄4(⯞ − + 180°)
The star of Inanna usually had eight points, [1] though the exact number of points sometimes varies. [2] Six-pointed stars also occur frequently, but their symbolic meaning is unknown. [3] The eight-pointed star was Inanna's most common symbol, [1] and in later times became the most common symbol of the goddess Ishtar, Inanna's East Semitic ...
According to A.S.D. Maunder, antecedents of the planetary symbols were used in art to represent the gods associated with the classical planets; Bianchini's planisphere, discovered by Francesco Bianchini in the 18th century, produced in the 2nd century, [27] shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the ...
Moons are classed into two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at ...