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Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks. [1] It is also used in geodesy. Traverse networks involve placing survey stations along a line or path of travel, and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next point.
Surveying helps determine accurately the terrestrial or three-dimensional space position of points and the distances and angles between them using leveling instruments such as theodolites, dumpy levels and clinometers. GPS and other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are also used.
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and ...
Cadastral surveying is the sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties.
Instruments used in surveying include: Alidade; Alidade table; Cosmolabe; Dioptra; Dumpy level; Engineer's chain; Geodimeter; Graphometer; Groma (surveying) Laser scanning; Level; Level staff; Measuring tape; Plane table; Pole (surveying) Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying ...
An Ordnance Survey cut mark in the UK Occasionally a non-vertical face, and a slightly different mark, was used. The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately ...
The spatial sciences range from the traditional practices of surveying and cartography to the more recent practices using GPS, remote sensing and GIS.The spatial sciences involve the skills and understanding to capture, store, manage, manipulate, analyse, model, visualise, set-out and govern information that can be referenced to location.
The Journal of Surveying Engineering is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers traditional areas of surveying and mapping , as well as new developments such as satellite positioning and navigation, computer applications, and digital mapping.