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Ureterovesicular junction obstruction (UVJ obstruction) is an obstruction at the level of the ureter and bladder. It accounts for 20% of cases of hydronephrosis detected in utero. It is also most commonly seen in males and involved both sides of the urinary tract in approximately 25% of cases. [1]
[1] [2] Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1 ...
Hydronephrosis due to a kidney stone at the ureteral vesicular junction seen on CT scan Prenatal diagnosis is possible, [ 9 ] and in fact, most cases in pediatric patients are incidentally detected by routine screening ultrasounds obtained during pregnancy. [ 10 ]
Renal colic, also known as ureteric colic, is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones.The most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract.
Treatment, depending on cause, may require prompt drainage of the bladder via catheterization, medical instrumentation, surgery (e.g., endoscopy, lithotripsy), hormonal therapy, or a combination of these modalities.
Contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction is found in 3% to 12% of infants with multicystic kidney and contralateral vesicoureteral reflux is seen even more often, in 18% to 43% of infants. Because the high incidence of reflux, voiding cystourethrography usually has been considered advisable in all newborns with a multicystic kidney.
Individuals with Okamoto syndrome are usually born with hydronephrosis, or dilation of the internal structures of the kidneys, due to narrowing of the passage between the kidneys and the ureters (the ureteropelvic junction), leading to a build-up of urine.
The ureters enter the bladder from its back surface, traveling 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) before opening into the bladder at an angle on its outer back surface at the slit-like ureteric orifices. [2] [3] This location is also called the vesicoureteric junction. [4]