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A "refractory" gold ore is an ore that has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated throughout its gold occluded minerals. These ores are naturally resistant to recovery by standard cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. These refractory ores require pre-treatment in order for cyanidation to be effective in recovery of the gold.
The borax method of gold extraction has been used by artisanal gold miners in the Benguet area north of Manila in the Philippines for more than 30 years. Some believe it was in practice as early as the 1900s. [who?] The method is increasingly being seen as a safe alternative to the widespread use of toxic mercury in artisanal gold mining today ...
Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore. The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite , which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [ 1 ]
Challenges include reagent cost and the efficiency of gold recovery, although some chlorination process using sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) have shown promise in terms or reagent regeneration. These technologies are at a pre-commercialisation stage and compare favourably to equivalent cyanidation methods, including gold recovery ...
Carbon in pulp (CIP) is an extraction technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process. [1]Introduced in the early 1980s, Carbon in Pulp is regarded as a simple and cheap process.
The mineral jig has certain advantages in placer and hardrock mill flowsheets. In gold recovery, the jigs produce highly concentrated products which can be easily upgraded by methods such as barrel amalgamation, treating across shaking tables or processing through centrifugal concentrators.
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The Merrill–Crowe Process is a separation technique for removing gold from the solution obtained by the cyanide leaching of gold ores. It is an improvement of the MacArthur-Forrest process, where an additional vacuum is managed to remove air in the solution (invention of Crowe), and zinc dust is used instead of zinc shavings (improvement of Merrill).