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Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a common bacterium in the human gut microbiome that has evolved alongside humans to support digestion and general health. Over time, this bacterium developed the ability to break down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which helps the host species get more energy from the food it eats.
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota .
Methanobrevibacter smithii is the predominant methanogenic archaeon in the microbiota of the human gut. [1] M. smithii has a coccobacillus shape.It plays an important role in the efficient digestion of polysaccharides (complex sugars) by consuming the end products of bacterial fermentation (H 2, CO 2, acetate, and formate). [2]
The microbiota comprises all living members forming the microbiome. Most microbiome researchers agree bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, and small protists should be considered as members of the microbiome. [64] [1] The integration of phages, viruses, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements is a more controversial issue in the definition of the ...
The bacteria and fungi live together in the gut and there is most likely a competition for nutrient sources present. [99] [100] Seelbinder et al. found that commensal bacteria in the gut regulate the growth and pathogenicity of Candida albicans by their metabolites, particularly by propionate, acetic acid and 5-dodecenoate. [98]
Human microbiota are microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea) found in a specific environment. They can be found in the stomach, intestines, skin, genitals and other parts of the body. [1] Various body parts have diverse microorganisms. Some microbes are specific to certain body parts and others are associated with many microbiomes.
Commensal gut microbes create a variety of metabolites that bind aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR). AHR is a ligand-inducible transcription factor found in immune and epithelial cells and binding of AHR is required for normal immune activation as the lack of AHR binding has been shown to cause over activation of immune cells. [1]
A recent report found temperature plays a major role in the amount of time the bacteria will persist in the environment, the life span increases with colder temperatures (0–4 °C). [23] "A new study has found that there is a three-way relationship between a type of gut bacteria, cortisol, and brain metabolites.