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2. Venn diagram - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram

   A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.

3. Karnaugh map - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnaugh_map

   A Karnaugh map (KM or K-map) is a diagram that can be used to simplify a Boolean algebra expression. Maurice Karnaugh introduced it in 1953 [1] [2] as a refinement of Edward W. Veitch's 1952 Veitch chart, [3] [4] which itself was a rediscovery of Allan Marquand's 1881 logical diagram [5] [6] (aka. Marquand diagram [4]).

4. Complement (set theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(set_theory)

   If A is a set, then the absolute complement of A (or simply the complement of A) is the set of elements not in A (within a larger set that is implicitly defined). In other words, let U be a set that contains all the elements under study; if there is no need to mention U, either because it has been previously specified, or it is obvious and unique, then the absolute complement of A is the ...

5. Complement graph - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_graph

   The complement of an edgeless graph is a complete graph and vice versa. Any induced subgraph of the complement graph of a graph G is the complement of the corresponding induced subgraph in G. An independent set in a graph is a clique in the complement graph and vice versa. This is a special case of the previous two properties, as an independent ...

6. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

   Universe set and complement notation The notation L ∁ = def X ∖ L . {\displaystyle L^{\complement }~{\stackrel {\scriptscriptstyle {\text{def}}}{=}}~X\setminus L.} may be used if L {\displaystyle L} is a subset of some set X {\displaystyle X} that is understood (say from context, or because it is clearly stated what the superset X ...

7. Set theory - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_theory

   For example, {1, 2} is a subset of {1, 2, 3}, and so is {2} but {1, 4} is not. As implied by this definition, a set is a subset of itself. For cases where this possibility is unsuitable or would make sense to be rejected, the term proper subset is defined. A is called a proper subset of B if and only if A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B.

8. Universe (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe_(mathematics)

   The complement of a set A is then given by that portion of the rectangle outside of A's circle. Strictly speaking, this is the relative complement U \ A of A relative to U; but in a context where U is the universe, it can be regarded as the absolute complement A C of A. Similarly, there is a notion of the nullary intersection, that is the ...

9. Logical connective - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_connective

   A less trivial example of a redundancy is the classical equivalence between and . Therefore, a classical-based logical system does not need the conditional operator " → {\displaystyle \to } " if " ¬ {\displaystyle \neg } " (not) and " ∨ {\displaystyle \vee } " (or) are already in use, or may use the " → {\displaystyle \to } " only as a ...