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Among living plants, this type of stele is found only in the stems of ferns. Most seed plant stems possess a vascular arrangement which has been interpreted as a derived siphonostele, and is called a eustele – in this arrangement, the primary vascular tissue consists of vascular bundles, usually in one or two rings around the pith. [12]
A stele (/ ˈ s t iː l i / STEE-lee), from Greek στήλη, stēlē, plural στήλαι stēlai, [Note 1] is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument. The surface of the stele often has text, ornamentation, or both. These may be inscribed, carved in relief, or painted.
The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele. In many seedless plants, such as ferns, the endodermis is a distinct layer of cells immediately outside the vascular cylinder (stele) in roots and shoots. In most seed plants, especially woody types, the endodermis is present in roots but not in stems.
Xylem also contains two other type of cells: parenchyma and fibers. [7] Xylem can be found: in vascular bundles, present in non-woody plants and non-woody parts of woody plants; in secondary xylem, laid down by a meristem called the vascular cambium in woody plants; as part of a stelar arrangement not divided into bundles, as in many ferns.
Parenchyma is a versatile ground tissue that generally constitutes the "filler" tissue in soft parts of plants. It forms, among other things, the cortex (outer region) and pith (central region) of stems, the cortex of roots, the mesophyll of leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of seeds.
The stele consists of multiple sections. The top contains a date and introductory area, while the next section consists of the original decree, followed by a list of names of city states, leagues, and individuals. [6] The bottom part of the stele includes an amendment to the original decree and a short concluding entry.
Stele V, or the "Over the Sea" stele, consists of two horizontal panels of sculpture, with the top panel containing a spiral motif. The bottom panel depicts a man in a chariot, directing a horse with reins, with a secondary male figure on the right of the scene, carrying a possible weapon. Grave Stele V, "Over the Sea," from Grave Circle A ...
Ramesses Stele: ANET 255 (Stelae of Seti I and Ramses II) The First Stele of Seti I has been described as "the most impressive find from Egypt’s rule over Canaan". [d] The first stele is considered to testify to the presence of a Hebrew population: the Habiru, which Seti I protected from an Asiatic tribe. [6] [e]