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The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies ...
Full width at half maximum. In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which are half the maximum ...
Any least squares estimation algorithm can provide numerical estimates for the variance of each parameter (i.e., the variance of the estimated height, position, and width of the function). One can also use Cramér–Rao bound theory to obtain an analytical expression for the lower bound on the parameter variances, given certain assumptions ...
With this value of bin width Scott demonstrates that [5] IMSE ∝ n − 2 / 3 {\displaystyle {\text{IMSE}}\propto n^{-2/3}} showing how quickly the histogram approximation approaches the true distribution as the number of samples increases.
In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f ( x ) = 1 2 π σ 2 e − ( x − μ ) 2 2 σ 2 . {\displaystyle f(x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi \sigma ^{2}}}}e^{-{\frac ...
The equivalent width of a spectral line is a measure of the area of the line on a plot of intensity versus wavelength in relation to underlying continuum level. It is found by forming a rectangle with a height equal to that of continuum emission, and finding the width such that the area of the rectangle is equal to the area in the spectral line.
The plateau has width equals to the absolute different of the width of U 1 and U 2. The width of the sloped parts corresponds to the width of the narrowest uniform distribution. If the uniform distributions have the same width w, the result is a triangular distribution, symmetric about its mean, on the support [a+c,a+c+2w].
The sample maximum and minimum are the least robust statistics: they are maximally sensitive to outliers.. This can either be an advantage or a drawback: if extreme values are real (not measurement errors), and of real consequence, as in applications of extreme value theory such as building dikes or financial loss, then outliers (as reflected in sample extrema) are important.