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Spirometry. Spirometry includes tests of pulmonary mechanics – measurements of FVC, FEV 1, FEF values, forced inspiratory flow rates (FIFs), and MVV. Measuring pulmonary mechanics assesses the ability of the lungs to move huge volumes of air quickly through the airways to identify airway obstruction. [citation needed]
Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Emphysema) due to decreased surface area in the alveoli, as well as damage to the capillary bed [7] Pulmonary embolism; Cardiac insufficiency [8] Pulmonary hypertension; Bleomycin (upon administration of more than 200 units) Anemia-due to decrease in blood volume
In obstructive lung disease however, the FEV1/FVC is less than 0.7, indicating that FEV1 is significantly reduced when compared to the total expired volume. This indicates that the FVC is also reduced, but not by the same ratio as FEV1.
A spirometer measures ventilation, the movement of air into and out of the lungs. The spirogram will identify two different types of abnormal ventilation patterns, obstructive and restrictive. There are various types of spirometers that use a number of different methods for measurement (pressure transducers, ultrasonic, water gauge).
Air trapping, also called gas trapping, is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely. [1] It is observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
The image shows how spirometry is done. The patient takes a deep breath and blows as hard as possible into a connected tube. The spirometer measures the amount of air breathed out and how fast. Spirometry is the gold standard for diagnosing lower airway obstruction. It measures the FEV1/FVC ratio. A decreased ratio indicates obstruction. [12]
"Forced spirometry reference values for Norwegian adults: the Bronchial Obstruction in Nord-Trøndelag study". European Respiratory Journal. 18 (5): 770– 779. doi: 10.1183/09031936.01.00255301. PMID 11757626
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