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In addition to its use in navigation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) can also be used for clock synchronization. The accuracy of GPS time signals is ±10 nanoseconds. [8] Using GPS (or other satellite navigation systems) for synchronization requires a receiver connected to an antenna with unobstructed view of the sky.
Best: Higher accuracy is possible with a high-end GPS receiver designed for time signal use, but these are very expensive (around $1000), feature OCXOs (oven-controlled crystal oscillators), and often require special software and physical RS-232 ports not connected via a USB bus to achieve that accuracy.
The Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol for clock synchronization throughout a computer network with relatively high precision and therefore potentially high accuracy. . In a local area network (LAN), accuracy can be sub-microsecond – making it suitable for measurement and control systems.
IEEE 1588v2 PTP GPS Master & Slave clocks from Masterclock [69] IEEE 1588v2 PTP GPS Master & Slave clocks from Tekron [70] IEEE 1588v2 PTP GPS Smartgrid clocks from Tekron [70] IPITEK MSP-1588 [71] Open Time Server : 1GbE, Rubidium IEEE 1588 PTP, NTP, SyncE, PPS GNSS grandmaster clock from Timebeat.app [72]
PPS signals are used for precise timekeeping and time measurement. One increasingly common use is in computer timekeeping, including NTP.Because GPS is considered a stratum-0 source, a common use for the PPS signal is to connect it to a PC using a low-latency, low-jitter wire connection and allow a program to synchronize to it.
Clock synchronization: the accuracy of GPS time signals (±10 ns) [107] is second only to the atomic clocks they are based on, and is used in applications such as GPS disciplined oscillators. Disaster relief / emergency services : many emergency services depend upon GPS for location and timing capabilities.
A GPS disciplined oscillator unit with a GPS antenna input, 10 MHz and 1 pulse-per-second (PPS) outputs, and an RS-232 interface.. A GPS clock, or GPS disciplined oscillator (GPSDO), is a combination of a GPS receiver and a high-quality, stable oscillator such as a quartz or rubidium oscillator whose output is controlled to agree with the signals broadcast by GPS or other GNSS satellites.
IRIG standard 212-00 defines a different time-code, based on RS-232-style asynchronous serial communication. The timecode consists of ASCII characters, each transmitted as 10 bits: 1 start bit; 7 data bits; 1 odd parity bit; 1 stop bit; The on-time marker is the leading edge of the first start bit.
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