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One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
Diagram showing the basic physiologic mechanisms of the kidney. The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a relative measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys. [1] [2] It is defined by following equation: =
Extraction ratio is a measure in renal physiology, primarily used to calculate renal plasma flow in order to evaluate renal function. It measures the percentage of the compound entering the kidney that was excreted into the final urine. [1] Measured in concentration in blood plasma, it may thus be expressed as:
Outside the United States, blood tests made up of the majority of the same biochemical tests are called urea and electrolytes (U&E or "U and Es"), or urea, electrolytes, creatinine (UEC or EUC or CUE), and are often referred to as 'kidney function tests' as they also include a calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. The BMP provides ...
A simple means of estimating renal function is to measure pH, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and basic electrolytes (including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate). As the kidney is the most important organ in controlling these values, any derangement in these values could suggest renal impairment.
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. [1] [2] [3] Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric renal diseases and the staging of chronic kidney disease depend on accurate identification and quantitation of proteinuria, [4] [1] the implementation of the 24-hour urine collection is the most accurate procedure in practice ...
The primary sign of augmented renal clearance is an increase in the creatinine clearance well above that which would be considered normal. Commonly, ARC is defined as a creatinine clearance of greater than 130 mL/min, but the effects of increased clearance on therapy are not directly correlated to a specific number.
Effective renal plasma flow (eRPF) is a measure used in renal physiology [1] to calculate renal plasma flow (RPF) and hence estimate renal function.. Because the extraction ratio of PAH is high, it has become commonplace to estimate the RPF by dividing the amount of PAH in the urine by the plasma PAH level, ignoring the level in renal venous blood.