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The analysis of lossless lines provides an accurate approximation for real transmission lines that simplifies the mathematics considered in modeling transmission lines. A lossless line is defined as a transmission line that has no line resistance and no dielectric loss. This would imply that the conductors act like perfect conductors and the ...
In the lossless case, it is possible to show that = + + and = + where in this special case, is a real quantity that may depend on frequency and is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which, for a lossless line is given by = and and are arbitrary constants of integration, which are determined by the two boundary conditions ...
The telegrapher's equations (or just telegraph equations) are a pair of linear differential equations which describe the voltage and current on an electrical transmission line with distance and time. They were developed by Oliver Heaviside who created the transmission line model , and are based on Maxwell's equations .
Versions of the transmission-line equation may be similarly derived for the admittance loss free case and for the impedance and admittance lossy cases. The Smith chart graphical equivalent of using the transmission-line equation is to normalise Z L , {\displaystyle \,Z_{\mathsf {L}}\,,} to plot the resulting point on a Z Smith chart and to draw ...
From the definition of (angular) wavenumber for transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves in lossless media, = = For a transmission line, the telegrapher's equations tells us that the wavenumber must be proportional to frequency for the transmission of the wave to be undistorted in the time domain. This includes, but is not limited to, the ideal ...
A wave travelling rightward along a lossless transmission line. Black dots represent electrons, and arrows show the electric field. The lossless line approximation is the least accurate model; it is often used on short lines when the inductance of the line is much greater than its resistance. For this approximation, the voltage and current are ...
A time-domain reflectometer; an instrument used to locate the position of faults on lines from the time taken for a reflected wave to return from the discontinuity.. A signal travelling along an electrical transmission line will be partly, or wholly, reflected back in the opposite direction when the travelling signal encounters a discontinuity in the characteristic impedance of the line, or if ...
Looking towards a load through a length l of lossless transmission line, the normalized impedance changes as l increases, following the blue circle. At l=λ/4, the normalized impedance is reflected about the centre of the chart. Standing waves on a transmission line with an open-circuit load (top), and a short-circuit load (bottom).