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The Chola Navy was composed of ships used for transporting the land army overseas. [1]: 251 The Cholas did not have a standing navy in the modern sense.The maritime force of Cholas was formed by using ships used for trade, as they did not have a dedicated ship for naval combat.
Notably, the dynasty lacked a dedicated ship for naval combat. Instead, these ships were repurposed to transport the land army overseas. The Chola maritime force consisted of several types of ships, such as the Kalamukha, Manthai, and Sandhani ships. The Kalamukha was a warship equipped with a battering ram, while the Manthai was a cargo ship ...
In the 11th century, the Chola navy had become a formidable force, while Srivijaya's sea power had weakened. [17] Indian ships typically sailed eastward across the Bay of Bengal, stopping at ports in Lamuri, Aceh, or Kedah in the Malay Peninsula before entering the Malacca Strait. However, the Chola fleet sailed directly to the west coast of ...
Inscriptions and historical sources assert that the Medieval Chola Emperor Rajendra I sent a naval expedition to Indochina, the Indonesia and Malay Peninsula in 1025 in order to subdue Srivijaya. [5] The Thiruvalangadu plates, the Leyden grant, and the Tamil stele of Rajendra I are the principal sources of information about the campaign.
Chola soldiers used weapons such as swords, bows, javelins, spears, and steel shields. [72] Several Chola weapons utilized Wootz steel. [73] The Chola navy was the zenith of ancient India sea power. [66] It played a vital role in the expansion of the empire, including the conquest of the Sri Lanka islands and naval raids on Srivijaya. [74]
When India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the name was changed to the Indian Navy, and the vessels were redesignated as Indian Naval Ships (INS). Vice Admiral R. D. Katari was the first Indian Chief of Naval Staff, appointed on 22 April 1958.
The second variety, called Colandia, was very large and these types of vessels were used for voyages to the Ganges and the Chryse, which was the name of various places occurring in Ancient Greek geography. Also, the Chola had voyages from the ancient port of Puhar to the Pacific Islands. [3] [4]
Different views were expressed by early scholars regarding the character of "salai" (such as naval base - military training centre - cantonment - ammunition depot). [4] Dr. Hultzsch - (1) "built a jewell-like hall at Kandalur" or (2) "cut the vessel [kalam] in the hall at Kandalur" (3) "destroyed ships [kalam] at Kandalur [harbour]" [5]