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The deviation or other function of the random variable can be thought of as a secondary random variable. The simplest example of the concentration of such a secondary random variable is the CDF of the first random variable which concentrates the probability to unity.
By formulating MAX-2-SAT as a problem of finding a cut (that is, a partition of the vertices into two subsets) maximizing the number of edges that have one endpoint in the first subset and one endpoint in the second, in a graph related to the implication graph, and applying semidefinite programming methods to this cut problem, it is possible to ...
The linear eccentricity of an ellipse or hyperbola, denoted c (or sometimes f or e), is the distance between its center and either of its two foci. The eccentricity can be defined as the ratio of the linear eccentricity to the semimajor axis a: that is, = (lacking a center, the linear eccentricity for parabolas is not defined).
The primal constraint graph or simply primal graph (also the Gaifman graph) of a constraint satisfaction problem is the graph whose nodes are the variables of the problem and an edge joins a pair of variables if the two variables occur together in a constraint. [1] The primal constraint graph is in fact the primal graph of the constraint ...
The logical width of a graph is the minimum number of variables in a sentence that defines it. [17] In the sentence outlined above, this number of variables is again +. Both the logical depth and logical width can be bounded in terms of the treewidth of the given graph. [18]
An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.
Eccentric, concentric, and isometric phases are all distinct parts of most exercises you do in your workouts. Here's what they mean and how to use them. Understanding Eccentric vs. Concentric ...
Edge contraction is used in the recursive formula for the number of spanning trees of an arbitrary connected graph, [7] and in the recurrence formula for the chromatic polynomial of a simple graph. [8] Contractions are also useful in structures where we wish to simplify a graph by identifying vertices that represent essentially equivalent entities.