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The Étard reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the direct oxidation of an aromatic or heterocyclic bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. [1] [2] [3] For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde. It is named for the French chemist Alexandre Léon Étard (5 January 1852, Alençon – 1 May 1910).
Benzaldehyde (C 6 H 5 CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It is among the simplest aromatic aldehydes and one of the most industrially useful. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond -like odor , and is commonly used in cherry -flavored sodas . [ 5 ]
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, ... benzaldehyde from toluene, ...
Toluene may also be brominated by treating it with HBr and H 2 O 2 in the presence of light. [31] C 6 H 5 CH 3 + Br 2 → C 6 H 5 CH 2 Br + HBr. Benzoic acid and benzaldehyde are produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. Typical catalysts include cobalt or manganese naphthenates. [32]
Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed: . C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O → C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH + HCl. Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.
Seed oils, including peanut oil and sunflower oil, have been in the news a lot recently. Dietitians explain if seed oils are healthy, and health risks of them.
Phenylmethanediol is an organic compound that is a geminal diol, the hydrate of benzaldehyde. It is a short-lived intermediate in some chemical reactions, such as oxidations of toluene [2] and benzaldehyde [3] and the reduction of benzoic acid. [4]
The Dow's losses amount to roughly 3%, or more than 1,500 points, in the past nine trading sessions. The index has fallen from a record close of 45,014 on Dec. 4 to 43,499 as of Tuesday's close.