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Citrobacter koseri, formerly known as Citrobacter diversus, is a Gram-negative non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It is a facultative anaerobe capable of aerobic respiration. It is motile via peritrichous flagella. [2] It is a member of the family of Enterobacteriaceae.
Citrobacter species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole (C. koseri is the only citrobacter to be commonly indole-positive), ferment lactose (C. koseri is a lactose fermentor), and use malonate. [3] Citrobacter shows the ability to accumulate uranium by building phosphate complexes. [4]
Citrobacter amalonaticus is a Gram-negative species of bacteria, a known human pathogen: it can cause neonatal meningitis and potentially gastroenteritis. [1] It has been known to infect the urinary tract.
Citrobacter freundii is a species of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae which currently consists of 13 recognized species. These bacteria have a rod shape with a typical length of 1–5 μm.
Typical genera include: [3] Citrobacter are peritrichous facultative anaerobic bacilli between 0.6–6 μm in length. [4] Citrobacter species inhabit intestinal flora without causing harm, but can lead to urinary tract infections, bacteremia, brain abscesses, pneumonia, intra abdominal sepsis, meningitis, and joint infections if they are given the opportunity. [4]
Citrobacter sedlakii was originally isolated from human stool and wounds and was suggested to be pathogenic in humans. [1] While some reports have described C. sedlakii as causing illness in humans, it is frequently found in stool and is not thought to be pathogenic in most cases. [2]
Arens, Sofie; Verhaegen, Jan; Verbist, Ludo (1997). "Differentiation and susceptibility of Citrobacterisolates from patients in a university hospital".
Citrobacter braakii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. [1] It has been reported to cause sepsis in an immunocompromised person. [2] References