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A syllogism (Ancient Greek: συλλογισμός, syllogismos, 'conclusion, inference') is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
The name "disjunctive syllogism" derives from its being a syllogism, a three-step argument, and the use of a logical disjunction (any "or" statement.) For example, "P or Q" is a disjunction, where P and Q are called the statement's disjuncts.
In first-order logic, resolution condenses the traditional syllogisms of logical inference down to a single rule. To understand how resolution works, consider the following example syllogism of term logic: All Greeks are Europeans. Homer is a Greek. Therefore, Homer is a European. Or, more generally: .
The logic puzzle was first produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pen name Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.In his book The Game of Logic he introduced a game to solve problems such as confirming the conclusion "Some greyhounds are not fat" from the statements "No fat creatures run well" and "Some greyhounds run well". [1]
Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules can be used to infer any valid conclusion if it is complete, while never inferring an invalid conclusion, if it is sound.
Alternatively, one might solve the problem by using another reference to zeroth-order logic. In classical propositional logic, the material conditional is false if and only if its antecedent is true and its consequent is false. As an implication of this, two cases need to be inspected in the selection task to check whether we are dealing with a ...
Square of opposition In the Venn diagrams black areas are empty and red areas are nonempty. The faded arrows and faded red areas apply in traditional logic. Boolean logic is a system of syllogistic logic invented by 19th-century British mathematician George Boole, which attempts to incorporate the "empty set", that is, a class of non-existent entities, such as round squares, without resorting ...
The form of a modus tollens argument is a mixed hypothetical syllogism, with two premises and a conclusion: . If P, then Q. Not Q. Therefore, not P.. The first premise is a conditional ("if-then") claim, such as P implies Q.