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However, single-point injection does not allow forming very precise mixtures required for modern emission regulations, and is thus deemed an obsolete technology in passenger cars. [1] Single-point injection was used extensively on American-made passenger cars and light trucks during 1980–1995, and in some European cars in the early and mid-1990s.
This system features one centrally positioned fuel injection nozzle. In the US, this kind of single-point injection was marketed as 'throttle body injection' (TBI, by GM), or 'central fuel injection' (CFI, by Ford).
In a manifold injection system, air and fuel are mixed outside the combustion chamber so that a mixture of air and fuel is sucked into the engine. The main types of manifold injections systems are multi-point injection and single-point injection. These systems use either a continuous injection or an intermittent injection design. [16]
Multi-point fuel injection (MPI) was introduced late in the 138 series to help meet lowered emission requirements in the US. The original MPI system comprised a large cylindrical plenum running parallel to the engine with individual runners to each inlet port and a single throttle controlling air-flow into the plenum.
The cylinder head is equipped with hydraulic roller camshaft followers to reduce noise. Utilises an ESC Hybrid management system, and a Pierburg 2E3 carburettor or single point fuel injection on later models. Applications 1989–1993 Ford Sierra (Replaced the Ford Pinto engine from 1989 model year onward)
Bosch CIS continuous single-point fuel injection system, with or without knock control and electronic timing advance multi-point electronic indirect fuel injection with four intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; Magneti Marelli, Bosch Motronic or Digifant electronic injection Total Flex, Gasoline or Ethanol (BR)
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A single nozzle nitrous system introduces the nitrous or fuel/nitrous mixture via a single injection point. The nozzle is typically placed in the intake pipe/tract after the air filter, prior to the intake manifold and/or throttle body in fuel injected applications, and after the throttle body in carbureted applications.