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In the wings or horizontal stabilizer, longerons run spanwise (from wing root to wing tip) and attach between the ribs. The primary function here also is to transfer the bending loads acting on the wings onto the ribs and spar. Sometimes the terms "longeron" and "stringer" are used interchangeably.
Wing ribs of a de Havilland DH.60 Moth. In an aircraft, ribs are forming elements of the airframe structure of a wing, especially in traditional construction.. By analogy with the anatomical definition of "rib", the ribs attach to the main spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals, form a skeletal shape for the wing.
The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all.
While internal wing structure commonly provides much of the strength via a combination of spars, ribs and stringers, the external skin typically carries a proportion of the loads too. On many aircraft, the inner volume of the wingbox has also been used to store fuel, which is commonly referred to as being a wet wing design. [1]
The internal structure comprises stringers, spars, bulkheads, chord members, and various attaching fittings made of aluminum extrusions, formed sheet, forgings, and castings. The alloys most used for extruded members are 2024-T4 for sections less than 0.125 in. thick and for general application, and 2014-T6 for thicker, more highly stressed ...
The spars consisted of two tubular stringers joined to tubular uprights and adjustable steel crosspieces. [9] The bottom flange of the lattice type ribs was entirely straight from the front spar to the trailing edge. Several ribs with central compression struts supported the reactions of the wing's interior crosspieces. [9]
The stabilizer had two parallel spars connected by ribs while the covering, which was applied in strips parallel to the spars, was stiffened by flanged edges and sections. The stabilizer was adjustable mid-flight by a square-threaded screw mounted on the rear spar and operated via a nut, cable, and wheel; the stabilizer's angle of incidence was ...
Since as cantilevers they had to be internally braced, the airfoil section was fairly thick, a variation on RAF31. Rather than the usual (in Britain) double-spar and rib construction, Bolas used multiple spanwise stringers or false spars, with longitudinal formers or airfoil shaped ribs, the whole covered in stress-bearing spruce veneer.