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The DSM-5 describes "Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)" for developmental stuttering, and "Adult-onset Fluency Disorder". However, the specific rationale for this change from the DSM-IV is ill-documented in the APA's published literature, and is felt by some to promote confusion between the very different terms fluency and disfluency.
Cluttering is a speech and communication disorder that has also been described as a fluency disorder. [1]It is defined as: Cluttering is a fluency disorder characterized by a rate that is perceived to be abnormally rapid, irregular, or both for the speaker (although measured syllable rates may not exceed normal limits).
Fluency is a speech language pathology term which means the smoothness or flow with which sounds, syllables, words and phrases are joined when speaking quickly. [2] The term fluency disorder has been used as a collective term for cluttering and stuttering. Both disorders have breaks in the fluidity of speech, and both have the fluency breakdown ...
Children that continue to exaggerate the tongue movement may incorrectly produce speech sounds, such as /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /dʒ/. For example, the word, "some," might be pronounced as "thumb". [3] The treatment of OMD will be based upon the professional's evaluation. [7] Each child will present a unique oral posture that must be corrected.
Speech skills are vital to social relationships and learning, and delays or disorders that relate to developing these skills can impact individuals function. [3] For many children and adolescents, this can present as issues with academics. [4] Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5]
Speech sound disorder – previously called phonological disorder, for those with problems with pronunciation and articulation of their native language. [13] [14] Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder - standard fluency and rhythm of speech is interrupted, often causing the repetition of whole words and syllables. [15]
Dyslexia can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders. [15] The greatest difficult those with the disorder have is with spoken and the written word. These issues present pertain but are not limited to:
Children that have polymicrogyri almost always present with deficits on APD testing. [4] It has also been suggested that APD may be related to cluttering, [15] a fluency disorder marked by word and phrase repetitions.