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A chordate (/ ˈ k ɔːr d eɪ t / KOR-dayt) is a deuterostomal bilaterian animal belonging to the phylum Chordata (/ k ɔːr ˈ d eɪ t ə / kor-DAY-tə).All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa.
Urochordata Lankester, 1877 A tunicate is an exclusively marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata ( / ˌ tj uː n ɪ ˈ k eɪ t ə / TEW -nih- KAY -tə ). This grouping is part of the Chordata , a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates ).
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts, is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. [2] Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer test or "tunic" made of the polysaccharide cellulose.
Lampreys contain these characteristics that define them as chordates. Lamprey anatomy is very different based on what stage of development they are in. [80] The notochord is derived from the mesoderm and is one of the defining characteristics of a chordate. The notochord provides signaling and mechanical cues to help the organism when swimming.
Thaliacea is a class of marine chordates within the subphylum Tunicata, comprising the salps, pyrosomes and doliolids.Unlike their benthic relatives the ascidians, from which they are believed to have emerged, thaliaceans are free-floating for their entire lifespan.
Appendicularia retains the ancestral chordate characteristics of having the pharyngeal spiracles and the anus open directly to the outside, and by the lack of the atrium and the atrial siphon found in related classes. The gonads are located in the posterior section of the trunk, beyond the digestive tract.
A craniate is a member of the Craniata (sometimes called the Craniota), a proposed clade of chordate animals with a skull of hard bone or cartilage.Living representatives are the Myxini (hagfishes), Hyperoartia (including lampreys), and the much more numerous Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates).
Ciona intestinalis (sometimes known by the common name of vase tunicate) is an ascidian (sea squirt), a tunicate with very soft tunic. Its Latin name literally means "pillar of intestines", referring to the fact that its body is a soft, translucent column-like structure, resembling a mass of intestines sprouting from a rock. [1]