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Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, [1] chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first person". [2] As a title, princeps originated in the Roman Republic wherein the leading member of the Senate was designated princeps senatus . [ 3 ]
Primus inter pares is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. [ a ] It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but is accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office.
The princeps senatus (pl. principes senatus), in English the leader of the senate, was the first member by precedence on the membership rolls of the Roman Senate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although officially out of the cursus honorum and possessing no imperium , this office conferred prestige on the senator holding it.
Principes (sg.: princeps) were spearmen, and later swordsmen, in the armies of the early Roman Republic. They were men in the prime of their lives who were fairly wealthy, and could afford decent equipment. They were the heavier infantry of the legion who carried large shields and wore good quality armor. [1]
The consilium principis (advisers to the princeps) was a council created by the first Roman Emperor, Augustus, in the latter years of his reign to control legislation in the deliberative institution of the Senate. [1] The princeps (from Latin, meaning "first man") was another title for the emperor.
'Principate' is etymologically derived from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, and therefore represents the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state or head of government.
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The word princeps, meaning "first", was a republican term used to denote the leading member of the Senate, and it was used by the early emperors to emphasize the continuance of the Republic. [109] The title had already been used by Pompey and Julius Caesar, among others.