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Other studies have found that the rule of nines tends to over-estimate total burn area, [5] and that ratings can be subjective, [6] but that it can be performed quickly and easily, and provide reasonable estimates for initial management of burn patients. [5] The rule of nines was designed for adult patients.
Total body surface area (TBSA) is an assessment of injury to or disease of the skin, such as burns or psoriasis. In adults, the Wallace rule of nines can be used to determine the total percentage of area burned for each major section of the body. [1]
Rule of nines or rule of nine may refer to: Rule of nine (linguistics), an orthographic rule of the Ukrainian language. Rule of nines (mathematics), a test for divisibility by 9 involving summing the decimal digits of a number; Wallace rule of nines, used to determine the percentage of total body surface area affected when assessing burn injuries
The burn percentage in adults can be estimated by applying the Wallace rule of nines (see total body surface area): 9% for each arm, 18% for each leg, 18% for the front of the torso, 18% for the back of the torso, and 9% for the head and 1% for the perineum. [7]
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The Lund and Browder chart is a tool useful in the management of burns for estimating the total body surface area affected. It was created by Dr. Charles Lund, Senior Surgeon at Boston City Hospital, and Dr. Newton Browder, based on their experiences in treating over 300 burn victims injured at the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942.
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The rule estimates nine per cent for the head and each arm, 18 per cent each for lower limbs and front and back of the trunk, and 1 per cent for the perineal region. The extent of a burn is expressed as the percentage of the body surface area affected called the total burn surface area (TBSA). The TBSA is used to help calculate the volume of ...