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The Hadley cells may extend to around 60° latitude, equatorward of a mid-latitude jet stream demarcating the boundary between the hypothesized Hadley cell and the polar vortex. [133] The planet's atmosphere may exhibit two Hadley circulations, with one near the surface and the other at the level of the upper cloud deck .
The Held–Hou Model is a model for the Hadley circulation of the atmosphere that would exist in the absence of atmospheric turbulence. [1] The model was developed by Isaac Held and Arthur Hou in 1980. [2] The essence of the model is that air rising from the surface at the equator conserves its angular momentum as it moves poleward.
In the upper atmosphere of the Ferrel cell, the air moving toward the equator deviates toward the west. Both of those deviations, as in the case of the Hadley and polar cells, are driven by conservation of angular momentum. As a result, just as the easterly Trade Winds are found below the Hadley cell, the Westerlies are found beneath the Ferrel ...
The acronym GCM originally stood for General Circulation Model.Recently, a second meaning came into use, namely Global Climate Model.While these do not refer to the same thing, General Circulation Models are typically the tools used for modeling climate, and hence the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
Using a series of voltage clamp experiments and by varying extracellular sodium and potassium concentrations, Hodgkin and Huxley developed a model in which the properties of an excitable cell are described by a set of four ordinary differential equations. [1] Together with the equation for the total current mentioned above, these are:
The three-cell model of the atmosphere of the Earth describes the actual flow of the atmosphere with the tropical-latitude Hadley cell, the mid-latitude Ferrel cell, and the polar cell to describe the flow of energy and the circulation of the planetary atmosphere. Balance is the fundamental principle of the model — that the solar energy ...
Meridional circulation cells are a large-scale atmospheric motion where gas rises at a certain latitude, travel in the north-south (meridional) direction, descends, and get back to the origin in a closed cell circulation. [38] On Earth, the meridional circulation is composed of 3 cells in each hemisphere: Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells.
This circulation is known as the Hadley cell and leads to the formation of the subtropical ridge. [14] Many of the world's deserts are caused by these climatological high-pressure areas, [15] within the subtropics. This regime is known as a semiarid/arid subtropical climate, which is generally in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents.