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Conversion to Judaism (Hebrew: גִּיּוּר, romanized: giyur or Hebrew: גֵּרוּת, romanized: gerut) is the process by which non-Jews adopt the Jewish religion and become members of the Jewish ethnoreligious community. It thus resembles both conversion to other religions and naturalization.
After this point, children are also held responsible for knowing Jewish ritual law, tradition, and ethics, and are able to participate in all areas of Jewish community life to the same extent as adults. In some Jewish communities, men's and women's roles differ in certain respects.
An adult bar/bat mitzvah is a bar or bat mitzvah of a Jewish person older than the customary age. Traditionally, a bar or bat mitzvah occurs at age 13 for boys and 12 for girls. Adult Jews who have never had a bar or bat mitzvah may choose to have one later in life, and many who have had one at the traditional age choose to have a second. [1]
Jewish identity is the objective or subjective sense of perceiving oneself as a Jew and as relating to being Jewish. [1] It encompasses elements of nationhood , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] ethnicity , [ 5 ] religion , and culture .
Lawrence Schiffman noted that Josephus described Herod as being criticized as unsuitable for Jewish monarchy, due to his non-Jewish mother and the Biblical prohibition on installing a non-Jewish king. According to Schiffman, this indicates that matrilineality was a broadly accepted norm at the time, assumed by Josephus as well as the Mishnah.
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A chavurah or havurah (Hebrew: חֲבוּרָה, romanized: ḥəḇurā, lit. 'fellowship' pl.: (c)havurahs or (c)havurot or (c)havuroth) is a small group of like-minded Jews who assemble to facilitate Shabbat and holiday prayer services and share communal experiences such as life-cycle events or learning.
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