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Pseudobulbar palsy is the result of damage of motor fibers traveling from the cerebral cortex to the lower brain stem. This damage might arise in the course of a variety of neurological conditions that involve demyelination and bilateral corticobulbar lesions. Examples include: [3] Progressive supranuclear palsy; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
Motor neuron diseases affect both children and adults. [5] While each motor neuron disease affects patients differently, they all cause movement-related symptoms, mainly muscle weakness . [ 6 ] Most of these diseases seem to occur randomly without known causes, but some forms are inherited. [ 2 ]
The clinical characterizations of BPP "include pseudobulbar palsy with diplegia of the facial, pharyngeal and masticory muscles (facio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory paresis), pyramidal signs, and seizures." [2] These can result in drooling, feeding issues, restricted tongue movement, and dysarthria. [2]
The term pseudobulbar (pseudo-+ bulbar) came from the idea that the symptoms seemed similar to those caused by a bulbar lesion (that is, a lesion in the medulla oblongata). Terms such as forced crying, involuntary crying, pathological emotionality, and emotional incontinence have also been used, although less frequently. [4]
Bell's palsy, partial facial paralysis; Bulbar palsy, impairment of cranial nerves; Cerebral palsy, a neural disorder caused by intracranial lesions; Conjugate gaze palsy, a disorder affecting the ability to move the eyes; Erb's palsy, also known as brachial palsy, involving paralysis of an arm; Spinal muscular atrophy, also known as wasting palsy
People with ADHD may have mostly symptoms of inattention or mostly symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, while some will have both types of symptoms, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH ...
Prognosis for PBP patients is poor. Progressive bulbar palsy symptoms can include progressive difficulty with talking and swallowing. [4] Patients can also exhibit reduced gag reflexes, weak palatal movements, fasciculations, and weak movement of the facial muscles and tongue. In advanced cases of PBP, patients may be unable to protrude their ...
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